Archetype

Jungian archetypes

Main article: Jungian archetypes

The concept of psychological archetypes was advanced by the Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung,
c. 1919. In Jung's psychological framework archetypes are innate,
universal prototypes for ideas and may be used to interpret
observations. A group of memories and interpretations associated with an
archetype is a complex,
e.g. a mother complex associated with the mother archetype. Jung
treated the archetypes as psychological organs, analogous to physical
ones in that both are morphological constructs that arose through evolution.^[6]

Jung outlined five main archetypes;

• The Self, the regulating center of the psyche and facilitator of individuation
• The Shadow, the opposite of the ego image, often containing qualities with which the ego does not identify, but which it possesses nonetheless
• The Anima, the feminine image in a man's psyche; or:
• The Animus, the masculine image in a woman's psyche
• The Persona, how we present to the world, is another of 'the subpersonalities, the complexes'^[7] and usually protects the Ego from negative images (acts like a mask)

Although archetypes can take on innumerable forms, there are a few particularly notable, recurring archetypal images^{[citation needed]}:

• The Child
• The Hero
• The Great Mother
• The Wise old man or Sage
• The Wise Old Woman/Man, archetypes of the collective unconscious
• The Trickster or Fox
• The Devil or Satan
• The Scarecrow
• The Mentor

Jung also outlined what he called archetypes of transformation.
Not personality constructs, they are situations, places, ways and means
that symbolize the transformation in question (CW9i:81). These
archetypes exist primarily as energy - and are useful in organizational
development, personal and organizational change management, and
extensively used in place branding. As with any archetype, image takes
priority over language. In a personal exploration of the Self,
archetypes play an important role in the process of individuation.

Note: any references to the works of Carl Gustav Jung are made
through the 20 volumes of the Collected Works (CW). The references may
be checked by first obtaining the volume number (example CW9i which is
The Archetypes and the Collective Unconscious). The second reference
number will always refer to a paragraph number (example 81) - thus
CW9i:81. Jung may be the only theorist whose work is quoted by paragraph
numbers.